Press-fit power module and related methods

ABSTRACT

Implementations of semiconductor packages may include: one or more die electrically coupled to a lead frame. The lead frame may be included within a housing. The semiconductor package may also include a set of signal leads extending from the housing, a set of power leads extending from the housing, and a plurality of press fit pins each fixedly coupled to the set of signal leads and the set of power leads. The set of signal leads and the set of power leads may be configured to couple with a substrate.

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field

Aspects of this document relate generally to semiconductor packages, such as power modules for home appliances, the automotive industry, and industrial applications.

2. Background

Conventionally, to couple semiconductor packages to substrates such as printed circuit boards, the leads are soldered to the substrates. Other designs include leads having a press fit pin structure at the terminal end of the leads.

SUMMARY

Implementations of semiconductor packages may include: one or more die electrically coupled to a lead frame. The lead frame may be included within a housing. The semiconductor package may also include a set of signal leads extending from the housing, a set of power leads extending from the housing, and a plurality of press fit pins each fixedly coupled to the set of signal leads and the set of power leads. The set of signal leads and the set of power leads may be configured to couple with a substrate.

Implementations of semiconductor packages may include one, all, or any of the following:

The one or more die electrically coupled to a lead frame may be a power module.

The press fit pins may be coupled to the signal leads and the power leads through welding, soldering, or brazing.

The set of signal leads may be on a first side of the housing and the set of power leads may be on a second side of the housing opposite the first side.

The substrate may be a printed circuit board.

The plurality of press fit pins may include copper.

Implementations of semiconductor packages may include: a power module having a set of signal leads coupled to the power module; a set of power leads coupled to the power module on a side of the power module opposing the set of signal leads; and a press fit pin welded, soldered, or brazed to each of the signal leads and to each of the power leads. The press fit pin may be configured to couple with a circuit board.

Implementations of semiconductor packages may include one, all, or any of the following:

The power module may include one of a switch, a rectifier, or an inverter.

The press fit pin may be coupled to one of the set of signal leads and to one of the set of power leads through welding, soldering, or brazing using a jig.

The power module may further include a leadframe having the set of signal leads and the set of power leads.

The leadframe may include 99.9% purity copper.

The plurality of press fit pins may include a CuCrAgFeTiSi alloy.

Implementations of a method of manufacturing semiconductor packages may include: providing a power module having a set of signal leads on a first side and a set of power leads on a second side. The method may also include trimming a length of the set of signal leads and a length of the set of power leads and welding, soldering, or brazing a press fit pin of a plurality of press fit pins to each of the signal leads and to each of the power leads. The method may also include bending the set of signal leads and the set of power leads to a desired angle configured to couple with a substrate.

Implementations of a method of manufacturing semiconductor packages may include one, all, or any of the following:

The plurality of press fit pins may be singulated press fit pins.

The method may further include coupling, prior to welding, soldering, or brazing each press fit pin into a jig, a portion of each signal lead of the set of signal leads into the jig, and a portion of each power lead of the set of power leads into the jig.

The plurality of press fit pins may be framed press fit pins.

The method may further include singulating the plurality of press fit pins from a frame after welding, soldering, or brazing.

The welding, soldering, or brazing may further include one of ultrasonic welding, soldering, or brazing and laser welding, soldering, or brazing.

The method may further include coupling a lead supporter to the set of signal leads and the set of power leads and to the power module, wherein the lead supporter is configured to prevent deformation of the set of signal leads and the set of power leads.

The leadframe may include 99.9% purity copper and the press fit pins may include a CuCrAgFeTiSi alloy.

The foregoing and other aspects, features, and advantages will be apparent to those artisans of ordinary skill in the art from the DESCRIPTION and DRAWINGS, and from the CLAIMS.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Implementations will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings, where like designations denote like elements, and:

FIG. 1 is a side view of an implementation of a semiconductor package coupled with a printed circuit board (PCB);

FIG. 2A is a top view of a power module having trimmed leads;

FIG. 2B is a top view of a power module having press fit pins coupled to the trimmed leads;

FIG. 2C is top view of a power module having the leads bent;

FIG. 2D is a side view of an implementation of a semiconductor package having the trimmed leads bent;

FIG. 2E is a side view of an implementation of a semiconductor package coupled with a printed circuit board (PCB);

FIG. 3 illustrates an implementation of method of coupling singulated press fit pins to trimmed leads of a power module;

FIG. 4 is another implementation of a method of coupling frame type press fit pins to trimmed leads of a power module;

FIG. 5 is an implementation of a press-fit pin coupled in a welding jig; and

FIG. 6 is an implementation of a semiconductor package coupled with a press-fit insertion supporter pocket.

DESCRIPTION

This disclosure, its aspects and implementations, are not limited to the specific components, assembly procedures or method elements disclosed herein. Many additional components, assembly procedures and/or method elements known in the art consistent with the intended semiconductor packages will become apparent for use with particular implementations from this disclosure. Accordingly, for example, although particular implementations are disclosed, such implementations and implementing components may comprise any shape, size, style, type, model, version, measurement, concentration, material, quantity, method element, step, and/or the like as is known in the art for such semiconductor packages, and implementing components and methods, consistent with the intended operation and methods.

Referring to FIG. 1, an implementation of a semiconductor package 2 coupled with a printed circuit board (PCB) 4 is illustrated. As illustrated, the semiconductor package 2 includes a power module 6 having a set of signal leads 8 coupled to the power module 6 on one side. The power module may include, by non-limiting example, one of a switch, a rectifier, or an inverter. The set of signal leads 8 are coupled to the PCB through press fit pins 10 that couple into openings formed into the printed circuit board. These openings may be drilled or otherwise formed vias through the PCB in particular implementations. However, in other implementations, the press fit pins 10 may couple into pin receivers formed on the PCB or coupled thereto via welding, soldering, or brazing.

On a side of the power module 6 opposing the set of signal leads 8 a set of power leads 12 are coupled to the power module 6. The power leads 12 are coupled to the PCB through press fit pins 14. In various implementations, the press fit pins 14 may be coupled to the PCB through openings in the PCB or through pin receivers like any disclosed herein. Press fits pins 10 and 14 are welded, soldered, or brazed to the signal leads 8 and the power leads 12, respectively. In particular implementations, the press fit pins 10, 14 are welded (or soldered, or brazed) to the ends of the signal leads 8 and power leads 12, respectively, leads using a jig or guide. In various implementations, the leads 8 and 12 are made from high purity material for thermal and electrical performance and the press-fit pins are made from a different material better adapted for bonding performance than the material of the leads.

While the power module 6 illustrated in FIG. 1 has both leads 8 and power leads 12, in particular implementations, only one set of leads may be used, either the leads 8 or the power leads 12. In some implementations, the leads 8 may be distributed on both opposing sides of the power module; in others the power leads 12 may be distributed on both opposing sides of the power module. In other implementations, the leads 8 may be distributed on adjacent sides of the power module; in others the power leads 12 may be distributed on adjacent sides of the power module. In yet other implementations, the leads 8 may be distributed on more than two sides of the power module; and in others the power leads may be distributed on more than two sides of the power module.

The material of the press-fit pins may have certain properties in order to allow the press-fit pins to withstand the forces of insertion and extraction of the press-fit pins to substrates. In some implementations, the press-fit pins may be made from a CuCrAgFeTiSi alloy marketed under the tradename K88 by Wieland-Werk, AG of Ulm, Germany. In such implementations, the material may be selected because of its desired yield strength in combination with its electrical conductivity and good stress relaxation resistance. Various other metal alloy materials may be employed for use as the press-fit pins based on consideration of these three material properties of the alloy. In various implementations, the press-fit pins may be formed of tin, nickel, other copper tin alloys such as CuSn₄, CuSn₆, CuNiSi, or other suitable materials having the desired yield strength and electrical conductivity. The structure of implementations of semiconductor packages as described herein may decrease co-planarity problems seen in other semiconductor packages. Press-fit pin insertion may be a fast, inexpensive, and reliable manufacturing process that allows repair of a press-fit pin up to two times in a device. In this way, since the press-fit pins can be repaired, the power module can be reused beyond the lifetime of any particular press-fit pin.

In various implementations, the power module includes one or more die electrically coupled to a leadframe. The leadframe may be included within a housing. The leadframe may, by non-limiting example, be made of 99.9% purity copper (or higher than 99% copper), though in various implementations other purities of copper (more or less pure) or other metals may be used, such as, by non-limiting example, silver, gold, aluminum, any combination thereof, and any other electrically conductive metal. In various implementations, where the leadframe includes 99.9% or higher purity copper, the copper material may be unsuitable for use as a press fit pin because it may deform/bend too much to successfully function as a press fit pin. As previously described, press fit pins may be coupled with either or both the signal set of leads and the power leads. In various implementations, the press fit pins may be coupled to the leads through, by non-limiting example, welding, soldering, brazing, laser welding, ultrasonic welding, thermal welding, laser soldering, laser brazing, ultrasonic soldering, ultrasonic brazing, or any other suitable for coupling the metals of the leads to the press fit pins while preserving electrical conductivity. In various implementations of semiconductor packages as described herein the press fit pins are not integrated into the original structure of the lead frame as in other semiconductor packages but are separately coupled with the leads in a subsequent process. By non-limiting example, the press-fit pins may be, by non-limiting example, a solid pin having a solid press-in zone, a compliant pin having an elastic press-in zone, or any other type of structure designed to function like a press fit pin. Compliant pins are designed to deform during insertion and sustain a permanent contact normal force when inserted into a reliable electrical and mechanical connection such as a PCB.

In various implementations, the semiconductor package may include a wide variety of other electrical components, including, by non-limiting example, coils, capacitors, actuators, sensors, active electrical components, passive electrical components, any combination thereof, and any other electrically operated and/or electrically conductive structure or device that can fit within the housing of the semiconductor package. By non-limiting example, power modules with having housings like those disclosed herein may be anti-lock braking (ABS) modules, electronic stability control (ESC) modules, sensor modules, antitheft antennae, antitheft modules, power distribution modules, power conversion modules, power regulation modules, and any other discrete device capable of being placed in a housing. The use of press-fit pins in these applications may make the assembly process of the application easier and more reliable.

Referring to FIGS. 2A-2E, the configuration of a package at or after various steps in an implementation of a method for manufacturing semiconductor packages is illustrated. Referring to FIG. 2A, the a power module 16 having a set of signal leads 18 on a first side of the power module and a set of power leads 20 on a second side of the power module is illustrated. The method includes trimming the lengths of the signal leads 18 and the lengths of the power leads 20. The leads may be trimmed using, by non-limiting example, a lead cutting machine, cutters, pliers, or other suitable equipment for trimming leads. As shown in FIG. 2B, the power module 16 is illustrated following welding (or soldering or brazing) a press fit pin of a plurality of press fit pins 22 to each lead of the signal leads of the power module 26. The process of welding (or soldering or brazing) may be any disclosed in this document. A press fit pin of a plurality of press fit pins 30 may also be welded to each of the power leads 30 of the power module 26 in various implementations of the method. As previously discussed, the process of welding (or soldering or brazing) the press fit pins depends on the location of the particular leads on the package. The process illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2E illustrates the process where the plurality of leads 18 and power leads 20 are on opposing sides. In implementations where there are only leads or power leads, the method includes welding (or soldering or brazing) press fit pins on only the leads that are present. In implementations where the leads are on adjacent sides or more than one side, the process of welding may take place through multiple steps, the press fit pins on one side at a time, or on multiple sides at a time. In some implementations, the press fit pins may not be welded simultaneously on a single side; rather one or more may be welded and the rest welded in one or more additional welding steps.

In various implementations, the plurality of press fit pins may be singulated press fit pins. In other implementations, the plurality of press fit pins may be framed press fit pins. Prior to welding (or soldering or brazing), the method may further include coupling one, all, or any of the press fit pins into a jig. In particular implementations, the method may include coupling a portion of each single lead of the set of signal leads into the jig. In various implementations the method may include coupling a portion of each power lead of the set of power leads into the jig. In some method implementations, both the signal leads and the power leads may be coupled with a jig for welding, soldering, or brazing. Welding support structures similar to those illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 may be used in various implementations.

Referring to FIGS. 2C and 2D, the method may include bending the set of signal leads 32 and the set of power leads 34 to a desired angle configured to couple with a substrate such as a PCB. Referring to FIG. 2E, the method may further include coupling the semiconductor package 36 to a substrate 38 through the press fit pins 40. The substrate may include a PCB made from suitable materials such as fire retardant 4 (FR-4) glass epoxy, fire retardant 5 (FR-5), and Bismaleimide-Triazine (BT) resin, or direct bonded copper (DBC). In various implementations, the method may further include coupling a lead supporter to the set of signal leads and the set of power leads. The lead supporter may be configured to prevent deformation of the set of signal leads and the set of power leads during transport and/or during insertion.

In various implementations, molded power modules having signal leads on one side of the power module and having power leads on the opposite side of the power module may be placed into the X-axis of a positioning guider jig. The signal leads and power leads may be trimmed to a predetermined length before being placed into the guider jig. A set of press fit pins may also be placed into the guider jig in a Y-axis position. In some implementations, the press-fit pins may be singulated press-fit pins. In other implementations, the press-fit pins may be frame type press-fit pins. The press-fit pins and the leads of the power module may be coupled through welding, soldering, or brazing. In various implementations, the welded press-fit signal leads and welded press-fit power leads may be placed in a supporter pocket as illustrated in FIG. 6 during insertion of the semiconductor package into a substrate such as a PCB. The welding/soldering/brazing of the leads with the press fit pins may provide a stronger and more reliable connection than seen in packages using a click or insert coupling mechanism between the leads and the press-fit pins. However, in some implementations, one, some, or all of the press fit pins may be coupled using a click or insert coupling mechanism between the leads and the press-fit pins.

Referring to FIG. 3, another implementation of a method of manufacturing semiconductor packages including a plurality of singulated press fit pins 42 is illustrated. A power module 44 having a set of signal leads 46 and a set of power leads 48 is shown with the signal leads 46 and the power leads 48 trimmed. The plurality of singulated press fit pins 42 may be welded to the set of signal leads 46 and the set of power leads 48 through various methods of welding, soldering, or brazing disclosed herein.

Referring to FIG. 4, another implementation of a method of manufacturing semiconductor packages including a plurality of framed press fit pins 50 is illustrated. A power module 52 having a set of signal leads 54 and a set of power leads 56 is illustrated with the signal leads 54 and the power leads 56 trimmed. The plurality of framed press fit pins 50 may be welded to the set of signal leads 54 and the set of power leads 54 through welding, soldering, or brazing as previous described. The method further includes singulating the press fit pins 50 from the frame after the press fit pins 50 have been welded to the leads 54 and 56 of the power module 52.

Referring now to FIG. 5, a single press fit pin 58 in a welding, soldering, or brazing jig 60 is illustrated. The jig may help keep the press fit pin coupled with the corresponding lead before and during the welding process. Referring to FIG. 6, a plurality of press-fit pins 62 supported by a press-fit insertion supporter pocket 64 is illustrated. The press-fit insertion supporter pocket 64 may be used to keep the press fit pins 62 coupled with the leads 66 before and during the welding process. In other implementations, the supporter pocket 64 may also be used to support the weld position between the leads 66 and the press-fit pins 62 during insertion of the power module into a substrate and/or during transport of the power module.

The structure and method described herein may be applied to a variety of applications using press-fit pin connectivity including press-fit pin headers, integrated housings or modules, or any other semiconductor packages using a combination of leads and press-fit pins. Press-fit pin headers specifically include an assembly of a plastic housing with contact terminals. As described herein the terminals could be trimmed and the press-fit pins welded, soldered, or brazed to the end. This would allow the terminals and press-fit pins to be made of different materials without affecting the performance of the package or the press-fit pins. Such technology may be used in home appliances, the automotive industry, in industrial applications, or in other applications requiring high performance electronics with high reliability connections.

Use of press-fit pins on both the power leads and signal/signal leads in various power module implementations like those disclosed herein may help resolve solder crack issues for high power applications for power modules. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor as described may be performed on current equipment with minimal process change or machine modification while maintaining if not increasing the performance of the semiconductor packages.

In places where the description above refers to particular implementations of semiconductor packages and implementing components, sub-components, methods and sub-methods, it should be readily apparent that a number of modifications may be made without departing from the spirit thereof and that these implementations, implementing components, sub-components, methods and sub-methods may be applied to other semiconductor packages. 

1. A semiconductor package comprising: one or more die electrically coupled to a leadframe; the leadframe comprised within a housing; a set of signal leads extending from the housing; a set of power leads extending from the housing opposite the set of signal leads; and a plurality of press fit pins each one of welded, soldered, and brazed to the set of signal leads and the set of power leads; wherein the plurality of press fit pins are configured to couple with a circuit board.
 2. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor package is a power module.
 3. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the press fit pins are coupled to the signal leads and the power leads through one of welding, soldering, or brazing using a jig.
 4. The semiconductor package of claim 1, the set of signal leads are on a first side of the housing and the set of power leads are on a second side of the housing opposing the first side.
 5. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the leadframe comprises 99.9% purity copper.
 6. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the plurality of press fit pins comprise a CuCrAgFeTiSi alloy.
 7. A semiconductor package comprising: a power module comprising: a set of signal leads coupled to the power module; a set of power leads coupled to the power module on a side of the power module opposing the set of signal leads; and a press fit pin one of welded, soldered, and brazed to each of the signal leads and to each of the power leads; wherein the press fit pin is configured to couple with a circuit board.
 8. The semiconductor package of claim 7, wherein the power module comprises one of a switch, a rectifier, and an inverter.
 9. The semiconductor package of claim 7, wherein the press fit pin is coupled to one of the set of signal leads and to one of the set of power leads through one of welding, soldering, and brazing using a jig.
 10. The semiconductor package of claim 7, wherein the power module further comprises a leadframe comprising the set of signal leads and the set of power leads.
 11. The semiconductor package of claim 10, wherein the leadframe comprises 99.9% purity copper.
 12. The semiconductor package of claim 7, wherein the plurality of press fit pins comprise a CuCrAgFeTiSi alloy. 13-20. (canceled)
 21. A semiconductor package comprising: one or more die electrically coupled to a leadframe; the leadframe comprised within a housing; a set of signal leads extending from the housing, wherein a first set of press-fit pins is coupled to an end of the set of signal leads; a set of power leads extending from the housing opposite the set of signal leads, wherein a second set of press-fit pins is coupled to an end of the set of power leads; wherein the plurality of press fit pins are configured to couple with a circuit board.
 22. The semiconductor package of claim 21, wherein the first set of press fit pins and the second set of press fits pins are one of welded, soldered, and brazed to the set of signal leads and the set of power leads, respectively.
 23. The semiconductor package of claim 21, further comprising a power module.
 24. The semiconductor package of claim 23, wherein the power module comprises one of a switch, a rectifier, and an inverter.
 25. The semiconductor package of claim 21, wherein the leadframe comprises 99.9% purity copper.
 26. The semiconductor package of claim 21, wherein the first set of press fit pins and the second set of press fit pins each comprise a CuCrAgFeTiSi alloy. 